GLP-1 medications are some of the most talked-about drugs in years. But what exactly are they?
What Does GLP-1 Mean?
GLP-1 stands for glucagon-like peptide-1. It's a hormone your body naturally makes in your gut after you eat.
GLP-1 medications mimic this hormone. They amplify what your body already does.
How They Work
GLP-1 meds do three main things:
- Tell your brain you're full – Reduces appetite and cravings
- Slow your digestion – Food stays in your stomach longer, so you feel full longer
- Help control blood sugar – Tells your pancreas to release insulin when blood sugar is high
What GLP-1 Meds Treat
- Type 2 diabetes – Better blood sugar control
- Obesity – Significant weight loss
- Weight-related health conditions – High blood pressure, high cholesterol, sleep apnea
The Main GLP-1 Medications
| Medication | Brand Names | How Often | Type |
|---|---|---|---|
| Semaglutide | Ozempic, Wegovy, Rybelsus | Weekly (daily for pill) | Injection or pill |
| Tirzepatide | Mounjaro, Zepbound | Weekly | Injection |
| Liraglutide | Saxenda, Victoza | Daily | Injection |
| Dulaglutide | Trulicity | Weekly | Injection |
How Much Weight Can You Lose?
Results vary, but on average:
- Semaglutide (Wegovy): 15-18% of body weight
- Tirzepatide (Zepbound): 20-22% of body weight
- Liraglutide (Saxenda): 5-8% of body weight
These numbers come from clinical trials. Your results may differ.
Common Side Effects
Most side effects are stomach-related and improve over time:
- Nausea (most common)
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea or constipation
- Stomach pain
- Reduced appetite
- Fatigue
See our side effects guide for more.
Who Should NOT Take GLP-1
- People with a personal or family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma
- People with multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 2
- Anyone allergic to the medication
- Pregnant or breastfeeding women
How to Get Started
- Talk to your doctor – They'll determine if GLP-1 is right for you
- Check insurance – Coverage varies widely
- Start low, go slow – Most meds start at a low dose and increase gradually
- Be patient – Full effects take weeks to months
The Bottom Line
GLP-1 medications work by mimicking a natural hormone that controls appetite, digestion, and blood sugar. They're effective for weight loss and diabetes management, but they're not for everyone. Talk to your doctor about whether they're right for you.
This article is for information only and is not medical advice. Always talk to your doctor before starting any medication.
